Idris O. Somoye, Jim Plusquellic, Tom J. Mannos and Brian Dziki, An Engineered Minimal-Set Stimulus For Periodic Information Leakage Fault Detection on a RISC-V Microprocessor, MDPI, 2024.
Jenilee Jao, Ian Wilcox, Jim Plusquellic, Biliana S Paskaleva and Pavel B Bochev, Entropy Analysis of FPGA Interconnect and Switch Matrices for Physical Unclonable Functions, Submitted MDPI, 2024.
Idris O. Somoye, Tom J. Mannos, Brian Dziki and Jim Plusquellic, Self-Assertion-Based Countermeasures Within a RISC-V Microprocessor for Coverage of Information Leakage Faults, TCAD, 2024.
Cyrus Minwalla, Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou and Jim Plusquellic, Mutually Authenticated Key Exchange with Physical Unclonable Functions", Submitted, 2024.
Jenilee Jao, Kristi Hoffman, Brent Emery, Cheryl Reid, Ryan Thomson, Michael Thompson and Jim Plusquellic, Statistical Quality Comparison of the Bitstrings Generated by a Physical Unclonable Function across Xilinx, Altera and Microsemi Devices", Submitted, 2024.
N. Irtija, J. Plusquellic, E. E. Tsirpoulou, J. Goldberg, D. Lobser, D. Stick, A Digital Architecture and Communication Evaluation of an MPSoC-based Control System for Trapped Ion Quantum Computing", IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering, 2023.
J. Plusquellic, A. Suchanek and T. J. Mannos, Fail-Safe Logic Design Strategies within Modern FPGA Architectures", GOMAC, 2023.
Md S. Siraj, E.E. Tsiropoulou, Symeon Papavassiliou and J. Plusquellic, "Symbiotic Positioning, Navigation, and Timing based on Game Theory and Reinforcement Learning", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2023.
Jim Plusquellic, E. E. Tsirpoulou, Cyrus Minwalla, Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocols for IoT Devices Using the SiRF PUF", IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, 2023.
D. E. Owen Jr., J. Joseph, J. Plusquellic, T. J. Mannos, B. Dziki, Node Monitoring as a Fault Detection Countermeasure against Information Leakage within a RISC-V Microprocessor", MDPI, Cryptography, 2022.
M. S. Siraj, A. B. Rahman, M. Diamanti, E.E. Tsiropoulou, S. Papavassiliou and J. Plusquellic, "Orchestration of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing", MILCOM, 2022.
G. Fragkos, C. Minwalla, J. Plusquellic, E. E. Tsiropoulou, "Local Trust in Internet of Things Based on Contract Theory", MDPI, Sensors, 2022.
N. Irtija, E.E. Tsiropoulou, C. Minwalla, J. Plusquellic, True Random Number Generation with the Shift-register Reconvergent-Fanout (SiRF) PUF, Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2022.
F. Sangoleye, S. Hossain, E. E. Tsiropoulou, J. Plusquellic, "Network Economics-based Crowdsourcing in UAV-assisted Smart Cities Environments", International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), 2022.
S. Hossain, N. Irtija, E. E. Tsiropoulou, J. Plusquellic, S. Papavassiliou, "Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces enabling Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Services", IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2022.
D. Heeger, M. Garigan, E.E. Tsiropoulou and J. Plusquellic, Secure LoRa Firmware update with Adaptive Data Rate Techniques", MDPI Sensors, 2021.
G. Fragkos, C. Minwalla, J. Plusquellic, E. E. Tsiropoulou, Artifically Intelligent Electronic Money", Consumer Electronics Magazine, 2021.
D. Heeger, M. Garigan, E.E. Tsiropoulou, J. Plusquellic, Secure Energy Constrained LoRa Mesh Network", AdHocNow, 2020.
K. Rael, G. Fragkos, J. Plusquellic and E. E. Tsiropoulou, UAV-enabled Human Internet of Things", Wi-DroIT (Wireless Drones over Internet of Things), 2020.
D. Heeger, M. Garigan and J. Plusquellic, Adaptive Data Rate Techniques for Energy Constrained Ad Hoc LoRa Networks", GIoT, 2020.
D. Heeger and J. Plusquellic, Analysis of IoT Authentication Over LoRa", REFRESH, 2020.
G. Fragkos, C. Minwalla, J. Plusquellic, E. E. Tsiropoulou, Reinforcement Learning Toward Decision-Making for Multiple Trusted-Third-Parties in PUF-Cash", WFIoT, 2020.
I. Bow, N. Bete, F. Saqib, W. Che, C. Patel, R. Robucci, C. Chan and J. Plusquellic Side-Channel Power Resistance for Encryption Algorithms Using Implementation Diversity", MDPI, 2020.
T. J. Manno, J. Plusquellic and B. Dziki, Information Leakage Analysis using Accelerated Fault Injection Emulation of a RISC-V Microprocessor", GOMAC, 2020.
M. Martin and J. Plusquellic, NotchPUF: Printed Circuit Board PUF Based on Microstrip Notch Filter", MDPI, 2020.
A. S. Siddiqui, G. Shirley, S. Bendre, G. Bhagwat, J. Plusquellic, F. Saqib, Secure Design Flow of FPGA Based RISC-V Implementation", IVSW, 2019
D. Forte, S. Bhunia, R. Karri, J. Plusquellic, M. Tehranipoor, IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST): Past, Present and Future", ITC, 2019
A. S. Siddiqui, G. S. Nicholas, S. R. Joseph, Y. Gui, J. Plusquellic, M. V. Dijk, F. Saqib, Multilayer Camouflaged Secure Boot for SoCs", International Workshop on Microprocessor Test and Verification (MTV), 2019.
J. Plusquellic and M. Areno, Correlation-Based Robust Authentication (Cobra) using Helper Data Only, Cryptography, MDPI, 2018.
D. Owen Jr., D. Heeger, C. Chan, W. Che, F. Saqib, M. Areno and J. Plusquellic, An Autonomous, Self-Authenticating and Self-Contained Secure Boot Process for FPGAs, Cryptography, MDPI, 2018.
G. Pocklassery, W. Che, F. Saqib, M. Areno and J. Plusquellic, Self-Authenticating Secure Boot for FPGAs, Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2018.
W. Che, M. Martinez-Ramon, F. Saqib and J. Plusquellic, Delay Model and Machine Learning Exploration of a Hardware-Embedded Delay PUF, Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2018.
A. S. Siddiqui, C.-C. Lee, W. Che, J. Plusquellic and F. Saqib, Secure Intra-Vehicular Communication over CANFD, AsianHOST, 2017.
W. Che, V. K. Kajuluri, F. Saqib and J. Plusquellic, Leveraging Distributions in Physical Unclonable Functions, Cryptography, MDPI, 2017.
W. Che, V. K. Kajuluri, M. Martin, F. Saqib* and J. Plusquellic, Analysis of Entropy in a Hardware-Embedded Delay PUF, Cryptography, MDPI, 2017.
G. Pocklassery, V. K Kajuruli and F. Saqib, J. Plusquellic, Physical Unclonable Functions and Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration for Security in Resource-Constrained Embedded Systems, Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2017.
A. S. Siddiqui, Y. Gui, J. Plusquellic and F. Saqib, Secure Communication over CANBus, International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2017.
A. S. Siddiqui, Y. Gui, J. Plusquellic and F. Saqib, A Secure Communication Framework for ECUs, Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, Special issue on Recent Advances in Engineering Systems, 2017, pp. 1307-1313.
D. Ismari, C. Lamech, Swarup Bhunia, F. Saqib, and J. Plusquellic, On Detecting Delay Anomalies Introduced by Hardware Trojans, International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2016.
F. Zhang, S. Bhunia, J. Plusquellic, Current based PUF Exploiting Random Variations in SRAM Cells, Design and Automation in Europe (DATE), 2016.
I. Wilcox, F. Saqib, and J. Plusquellic, GDS-II Trojan detection using Multiple Supply Pad VDD and GND IDDQs in ASIC Functional Units, HOST, 2015.
C. Konstantinou, M. Maniatakos, F. Saqib, Shiyan Hu, J. Plusquellic, Yier Jin, Cyber-Physical Systems: A Security Perspective, ETS, May, 2015.
D. Ismari and J. Plusquellic, IP-Level Implementation of a Resistance-Based Physical Unclonable Function, Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2014, pp. 64-69.
W. Che, S. Bhunia and J. Plusquellic, A Non-Volatile Memory based Physically Unclonable Function without Helper Data, International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2014.
F. Saqib, M. Areno, J. Aarestad and J. Plusquellic, An ASIC Implementation of a Hardware-Embedded Physical Unclonable Function , IET Computers & Digital Techniques, Vol. 8, Issue 6, Nov. 2014, pp. 288-299.
J. Aarestad, J. Plusquellic, D. Acharyya, Error-Tolerant Bit Generation Techniques for Use with a Hardware-Embedded Path Delay PUF, Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2013, pp. 151-158.
R. Chakraborty, C. Lamech, D. Acharyya and J. Plusquellic, A Transmission Gate Physical Unclonable Function and On-Chip Voltage- to-Digital Conversion Technique, Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2013, pp. 1-10.
J. Aarestad, P. Ortiz, D. Acharyya and J. Plusquellic, HELP: A Hardware-Embedded Delay-Based PUF, Design and Test of Computers, Mar., 2013, pp. 17-25.
M. Areno and J. Plusquellic, Secure Mobile Association and Data Protection with Enhanced Cryptographic Engines, International Conference on Privacy and Security in Mobile Systems (PRISMS), 2013.
M. Martin and J. Plusquellic, An On-Chip High Resolution Measurement Structure for Measuring Path Delays in an Arbiter PUF, Unpublished, 2013.
J. Aarestad, D. Acharyya, J. Plusquellic, An Error-Tolerant Bit Generation Technique For Use With A Hardware-Embedded Path Delay PUF, Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2013.
R. Chakraborty, C. Lamech, D. Acharyya and J. Plusquellic, A Transmission Gate Physical Unclonable Function and On-Chip Voltage-to-Digital Conversion Technique, Design Automation Conference, 2013.
F. Saqib, A. Dutta, J. Plusquellic, P. Ortiz, M. S. Pattichis, Pipelined Decision Tree Classification Accelerator Implementation in FPGA (DT-CAIF), IEEE Trans. on Computers, Volume: PP , Issue: 99, pp. 1, Oct. 2013.
M. Martin and J. Plusquellic, An On-Chip High Resolution Measurement Structure for Measuring Path Delays in an Arbiter PUF, Unpublished, 2013.
H. Salmani, M. Tehranipoor and J. Plusquellic, A Novel Technique for Improving Hardware Trojan Detection and Reducing Trojan Activation Time, Transactions on VLSI, Volume: 20 , Issue: 1, 2012 , pp. 112-125.
M. Areno and J. Plusquellic, Securing Trusted Execution Environments with PUF Generated Secret Keys, TrustCom, 2012.
J. Ju, R. Chakraborty, R. Rad, J. Plusquellic, Bit String Analysis of Physical Unclonable Functions based on Resistance Variations in Metals and Transistors, Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2012, pp. 13-20.
C. Lamech and J. Plusquellic, Trojan Detection based on Delay Variations Measured using a High-Precision, Low-Overhead Embedded Test Structure, Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST), 2012, pp. 75-82.
C. Lamech, J. Aarestad, J. Plusquellic, R.M. Rad, K. Agarwal, REBEL and TDC: Embedded Test Structures for Regional Delay Measurements, International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2011, pp. 170-177.
C. Lamech, J. Aarested, K. Agarwal, J. Plusquellic, Characterizing Within-Die and Die-to-Die Delay Variations Introduced by Process Variations and SOI History Effect , Design Automation Conference (DAC), 2011, pp. 534-539.
J. Plusquellic, D. Acharyya, K. Agarwal, Measuring Spatial Variation Profile through Power Supply Current Measurements, International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED), 2011, pp. 1-5.
K. Agarwal and J. Plusquellic, Minimally Invasive Methods for Characterizing Within-Die Variation, Invited presentation (and paper I thought) for Innovative IP Practice session called On-Chip Parametric Sensors, VLSI Test Symposium, 2011.
H. Salami, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, A Novel Technique for Improving Hardware Trojan Detection and Reducing Trojan Activation Time, Transactions on VLSI, Volume: PP, Issue: 99, 2011.
J. Plusquellic, D. Acharyya, K. Agarwal, Measuring Spatial Variation Profile through Power Supply Current Measurements, International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED), 2011.
D. Acharyya, K. Agarwal, J. Plusquellic, Leveraging Existing Power Control Circuits and Power Delivery Architecture for Variability Measurement, International Test Conference, 2010.
J. Plusquellic and D. Acharyya, Leveraging the Power Grid for Localizing Trojans and Defects, International Symposium on Testing and Failure Analysis, 2010.
R. Helinski, D. Acharyya, J. Plusquellic, Quality Metric Evaluation of a Physical Unclonable Function Derived from an IC's Power Distribution System, Design Automation Conference, pp. 240-243, 2010.
V. Murray, G. A. Feucht, J. C. Lyke, M. Pattichis, J. Plusquellic, Cell-Based Architecture for Reconfigurable Wiring Manifolds, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010.
J. Aarestad, D. Acharyya, R. Rad and J. Plusquellic, Detecting Trojans Though Leakage Current Analysis Using Multiple Supply Pad IDDQs, Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Volume: 5, Issue: 4, pp. 893-904, 2010.
H. Salmani, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, A Layout-aware Approach for Improving Localized Switching to Detect Hardware Trojans in Integrated Circuits, International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security, 2010.
R. Helinski, D. Acharyya, J. Plusquellic, A Physical Unclonable Function Defined Using Power Distribution System Equivalent Resistance Variations, Design Automation Conference, 2009, pp. 676-681.
R. M. Rad, J. Plusquellic, A Novel Fault Localization Technique Based on Deconvolution and Calibration of Power Pad Transients Signals, Journal of Electronic Testing, Theory and Applications, Volume 25, Numbers 2-3, June 2009.
R. M. Rad, J. Plusquellic, C. Patel , A. Singh Verification of Convolution Relation Between Sensitized Path's Gate Transients, Power Grid Impulse Responses and Power Port Transients, D3T Workshop, co-located with ITC, Nov. 2009.
J. Plusquellic, K. Agarwal, D. Acharyya Characterizing Within-Die Variation from Multiple Supply Port IDDQ Measurements, Design for Manufacturability and Yield Workshop, co-located with DAC, June 2009.
H. Salmani, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic New Design Strategy for Improving Hardware Trojan Detection and Reducing Trojan Activation Time, 2nd International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, co-located with DAC, June 2009.
W. Xiaoxiao, S. Hassan Salmani, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, Hardware Trojan Detection and Isolation Using Current Integration and Localized Current Analysis, International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems, Oct. 2008, pp. 87-95.
M. Itskovich, J. Plusquellic, IDDT Test Calibration Using a Programmable Processing Array, 4th Southern Conference on Programmable Logic, March, 2008, pp. 265-268.
Ryan Helinski, J. Plusquellic, Measuring Power Distribution System Resistance Variations, Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing, Volume 21, Issue 3, Aug. 2008, pp. 444-453.
W. Xiaoxiao, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic Detecting Malicious Inclusions in Secure Hardware: Challenges and Solutions, 1st International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, co-located with DAC, June 2008, pp. 15-19.
R. Rad, J. Plusquellic, M. Tehranipoor Sensitivity Analysis to Hardware Trojans using Power Supply Transient Signals, 1st International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, June 2008, pp. 3-7.
R. Helinski, J. Plusquellic and M. Tehranipoor, Detecting Small Delay Defects using Self-Relative Timing Bounds, Defect-based Testing Workshop, Nov. 2007.
R. MohammadPourrad and J. Plusquellic, Temporal Analysis and Spatial Deconvolution of Power Pad Transients Signals for Fault Localization , Defect-based Testing Workshop, Nov. 2007.
K. Agarwal, F. Liu, C. McDowell, S. Nassif, K. Nowka, M. Plamer, D. Acharyya, J. Plusquellic, A Test Structure for Characterizing Local Device Mismatches, Symposium on VLSI Circuits, June 2006, pp. 67-68.
J. Lee, M. Tehranipoor, J. Plusquellic, A Low-Cost Solution for Protecting IPs against Scan-Based Side-Channel Attacks, VLSI Test Symposium, May 2006, pp. 42-47.
J. Plusquellic, D. Acharyya, A. Singh, M. Tehranipoor and C. Patel, Quiescent-Signal Analysis: A Multiple Supply Pad IDDQ Method, Design and Test of Computers, Volume 23, Issue 4, April 2006, pp. 278-293.
A. Singh, J. Plusquellic, D. Phatak and C. Patel, Defect Simulation Methodology for iDDT Testing, Journal of Electronic Testing, Theory and Applications, Volume 22, Number 3, June 2006, pp. 255-272.
J. Plusquellic, D. Acharyya, A. Singh, M. Tehranipoor and C. Patel, Multiple Supply Pad IDDQ-based Defect Detection Techniques Applied to Hardware Test Chips, Defect Based Testing Workshop, Nov. 2006.
J. Lee, N. Ahmed, M. Tehranipoor, V. Jayaram and J. Plusquellic, A Novel Framework for Functionally Untestable Transition Fault Avoidance during ATPG, North Atlantic Test Workshop, May 2006.
J. Plusquellic, D. Acharyya, M. Tehranipoor and C. Patel, Triangulating to a Defect's Physical Coordinates Using Multiple Supply Pad IDDQs, North Atlantic Test Workshop, May 2006.
J. Lee, M. Tehranipoor, C. Patel and J. Plusquellic, Securing Scan Design Using Lock and Key Technique, International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems, Oct. 2005, pp. 51-62.
C. Patel, A. Singh and J. Plusquellic, Defect Detection Using Quiescent Signal Analysis, Journal of Electronic Testing, Theory and Applications, Volume 21, Number 5, Oct. 2005, pp. 463-483.
S. Kamal Bahl, J. Plusquellic, and J. Thomas, A Comparative Study of W-CDMA Cell Search Designs, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, Volume 14, Number 1, Feb. 2005, pp. 129-136.
N. Ahmed, C. P. Ravikumar, M. Tehranipoor and J. Plusquellic, At-Speed Transition Fault Testing with Low Speed Scan Enable, VLSI Test Symposium, May 2005, pp. 42-47 (BEST PAPER AWARD).
D. Acharyya, A. Singh, M. Tehranipoor, C. Patel and J. Plusquellic, Sensitivity Analysis of Quiescent Signal Analysis for Defect Detection, Defect Based Testing Workshop, May 2005, pp. 3-10.
A. Singh, C. Patel and J. Plusquellic, Fault Simulation Model for iDDT Testing: An Investigation, VLSI Test Symposium, April 2004, pp. 304-310.
A. Singh, C. Patel and J. Plusquellic, On-chip Impulse Response Generation for Analog and Mixed-signal Testing, International Test Conference, Oct. 2004, pp. 262-270.
C. Patel, A. Singh and J. Plusquellic, Defect Detection under Realistic Leakage Models using Multiple IDDQ Measurements, International Test Conference, Oct. 2004, pp. 319-328.
D. Acharyya and J. Plusquellic, Calibrating Power Supply Signal Measurements for Process and Probe Card Variations, Defect Based Testing Workshop, April 2004, pp. 23-30.
D. Acharyya and J. Plusquellic, Impedance Profile of Commercial Power Grid and Test System, International Test Conference, Oct. 2003, pp. 709-718.
J. Plusquellic and D. Phatak, Localizing Faults in Digital Chips using Steady-State Current Measurements, NASA Symposium on VLSI Design, May 2003.
A. Singh, D. S Phatak, T. Goff, M. Riggs, J. Plusquellic and C. Patel, Comparison of Branching CORDIC Implementations, International Conference on Application Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, June 2003, pp. 215-225.
C. Patel, E. Staroswiecki, S. Pawar, D. Acharyya and J. Plusquellic, Defect Diagnosis using a Current Ratio based Quiescent Signal Analysis Model for Commercial Power Grids, Journal of Electronic Testing, Theory and Applications, Volume 19, Number 6, Dec. 2003, pp. 611-623.
D. S. Phatak, T. Goff and J. Plusquellic, IP-in-IP Tunneling to Enable the Simultaneous use of Multiple IP Interfaces for Network Level Connection Striping, Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, Volume 43, Issue 6, Dec. 2003, pp. 787-804.
J. Plusquellic, A. Singh, C. Patel and A. Gattiker, Power Supply Transient Signal Analysis for Defect-Oriented Test, Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Volume 22, Issue 3, March 2003, pp. 370-374.
S. K. Bahl, J. Plusquellic, and J. Thomas, Comparison of Initial Cell Search Algorithms for W-CDMA Systems Using Cyclic and Comma Free Codes, Midwest Symposium on Circuits and System Conference, Volume 3, Aug. 2002, pp. 192-195.
A. Singh, J. Plusquellic and A. Gattiker, Power Supply Transient Signal Analysis Under Real Process and Test Hardware Models, VLSI Test Symposium, May 2002, pp. 357-362.
C. Patel, E. Staroswiecki, D. Acharyya, S. Pawar, and J. Plusquellic, A Current Ratio Model for Defect Diagnosis using Quiescent Signal Analysis, Defect Based Testing Workshop, April 2002.
A. Singh, C. Patel, S. Liao, J. Plusquellic and A. Gattiker, Detecting Delay Faults using Power Supply Transient Signal Analysis, International Test Conference, Nov. 2001, pp. 395-404.
C. Patel and J. Plusquellic, A Process and Technology-Tolerant IDDQ Method for IC Diagnosis, VLSI Test Symposium, May 2001, pp. 145-150.
J. Plusquellic, IC Diagnosis Using Multiple Supply Pad IDDQs Design and Test of Computers, Volume 18, Number 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 50-61.
A. Germida and J. Plusquellic, Detection of CMOS Defects under Variable Processing Conditions, VLSI Test Symposium, May 2000, pp. 195-201.
J. Plusquellic, C. Patel, and Y. Ouyang, Quiescent Signal Analysis for IC Diagnosis, System Test and Diagnosis Workshop, Oct. 2000.
A. Germida, Z. Yan, J. Plusquellic and F. Muradali, Defect Detection using Power Supply Transient Signal Analysis, International Test Conference, Sept. 1999, pp. 67-76.
J. Plusquellic, D. M. Chiarulli, and S. P. Levitan, Time and Frequency Domain Transient Signal Analysis for Defect Detection in CMOS Digital ICs, Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, Volume 46, Issue 11, Nov. 1999, pp. 1390-1394.
J. Plusquellic, D. M. Chiarulli, and S. P. Levitan. An Automated Technique to Identify Defective CMOS Devices based on Linear Regression Analysis of Transient Signal Data, Workshop on IDDQ Testing, Nov. 1998, pp. 32-36.